
MANGAL-X:
ARCHITECTURE
The site for Mangal-X is inside the Jezero crater, as it has already been explored and contributes to the study of life beyond Earth. Since Mars has an austere environment and is 9 months away from the Earth so, it is safe to rely on autonomous construction methods and extensive use of greenhouses for the production of food on site. Before the crew arrives on Mars, a 3D-regolith printing rover is deployed on the site to construct long vault structures and the habitat base with Martian regolith as the main material. The radiators, solar panels, and micro solar domes are attached to the external surface of the regolith. The inflatable habitats made mainly of Vectran fabric weave, are then deployed inside the vaults, to build the habitable volume. The walls and equipment required can be transported in later missions and can be deployed autonomously. The three circular greenhouse bases are printed with regolith, above which the glass panels are deployed utilizing origami folding. Thus, this design can further be extended in future missions with larger crew size by repeating the patterns.

SITE LOCATION: JEZERO CRATER
Site Co-ordinate: 18°15’6.92”N, 77°39’39.80”E
Jezero Crater is selected as the site location for building a Martian habitat due to its rich history of water presence, offering potential resources for in-situ resource utilization. The crater's ancient river delta provides a scientifically valuable site for studying past life and understanding Mars' geological history. The diverse terrain and relatively accessible landing conditions make it an ideal location for both scientific exploration and habitat construction.

CONSTRUCTION STAGES
A modular design approach is taken for the design of Mangal-X as it is easy to expand to accommodate evolving mission needs and unforeseen challenges, ensuring adaptability and long-term sustainability. This approach facilitates efficient transportation, assembly, and scalability, allowing for seamless integration of new modules as per the mission requirements.
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STAGE 1: Construction of the vault structures with the 3D Regolith Printing Rover.
STAGE 2: The pre-fabricated inflatable structure is deployed inside the vault structures that are prepared by the 3D Regolith Printing Rover, which creates the habitable volume.
STAGE 3: The construction of the bio-regenerative Environment Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) takes place, and the walls with furniture and equipment are deployed inside the habitable volumes.
STAGE 4: As the crew size increases, the habitat can be expanded in the required directions.

HABITAT PLAN (5 CREW)
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1. CREW QUARTER
2. KITCHEN/GALLEY
3. RECREATION AREA
4. TOILET & HYGIENE AREA
5. STOWAGE
6. EXERCISE AREA
7. ECLSS RACKS
8. 3D PRINTING LAB
9. WORK AREA
10. CHEMICAL LABORATORY
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11. MISSION CONTROL ROOM
12. EVA PREPARATION ROOM**
13. EVA SUIT ROOM**
14. DUSTING ROOM
15. BIO-REGENERATIVE ECLSS
16. CORRIDOR
**EVA- EXTRA-VEHICULAR ACTIVITIES